Big snakes: pythons, boas and anacondas, and how big they really get, sentence 15
The two halves of a snake's lower jaw are joined by stretchy tissue and the jaw bones are loosely joined to the skull; snakes do not «unhinge» their jaws, and they swallow prey whole, usually head first.
Who acts: stretchy tissue, snakes, halves · What happens: join, not unhinge, swallow, head · To what, where: two halves, jaw bones, jaws, prey
This is a sentence of the lesson «Big snakes: pythons, boas and anacondas, and how big they really get» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stretchy tissue, snakes, halves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 halves | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 halves | nummod |
| 3 | halves | half | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 joined | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 jaw | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 snake | det |
| 6 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 snake | case |
| 8 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 jaw | amod |
| 9 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 halves | nmod |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 joined | aux:pass |
| 11 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 tissue | case |
| 13 | stretchy | stretchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 tissue | amod |
| 14 | tissue | tissue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 joined | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 joined | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 bones | det |
| 17 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bones | compound |
| 18 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 joined | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 joined | aux:pass |
| 20 | loosely | loosely | ADV | _ | 21 joined | advmod |
| 21 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 joined | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 skull | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 skull | det |
| 24 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 joined | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 « | punct |
| 26 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 unhinge | nsubj |
| 27 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 unhinge | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 unhinge | advmod |
| 29 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 30 unhinge | punct |
| 30 | unhinge | unhinge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 joined | conj |
| 31 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 30 unhinge | punct |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 33 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 unhinge | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 swallow | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 swallow | cc |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 swallow | nsubj |
| 37 | swallow | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 unhinge | conj |
| 38 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 swallow | obj |
| 39 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 swallow | xcomp |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 head | punct |
| 41 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 42 head | advmod |
| 42 | head | head | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 swallow | conj |
| 43 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 42 head | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 joined | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | join | present · passive | stretchy tissue | the two halves of a snake's lower jaw | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | join | present · passive | the jaw bones | to the skull; loosely property | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to skull=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | not unhinge in a quote | present · do-support | snakes | bones's jaws | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient | ||||
| 4 | swallow | present | halves = half | prey | whole property | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | |||
| 5 | head | present | halves = half not said here | first, usually property | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:321-big-snakes-pythons-boas-and-anacondas-and-how-big-they-really-get.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/321-big-snakes-pythons-boas-and-anacondas-and-how-big-they-really-get/15/