Snakes to keep away from: cobras, mambas, vipers and rattlesnakes, sentence 9
A cobra lifts the front of its body and spreads long ribs in its neck to stretch the skin into a hood, a warning that says «I am big, leave me alone».
Who acts: cobra, warning · What happens: lift, spread, stretch, say, be, leave · To what, where: front, long ribs, neck, skin, hood, warning · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snakes to keep away from: cobras, mambas, vipers and rattlesnakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cobra, warning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cobra | det |
| 2 | cobra | cobra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | nsubj |
| 3 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 front | det |
| 5 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifts | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 body | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 body | nmod:poss |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 front | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 spreads | cc |
| 10 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifts | conj |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ribs | amod |
| 12 | ribs | rib | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 spreads | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 neck | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 neck | nmod:poss |
| 15 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 spreads | obl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 stretch | mark |
| 17 | stretch | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 spreads | advcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 skin | det |
| 19 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stretch | obj |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 hood | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 hood | det |
| 22 | hood | hood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stretch | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 warning | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 warning | det |
| 25 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hood | appos |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 says | nsubj |
| 27 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 warning | acl:relcl |
| 28 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 31 big | punct |
| 29 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 big | nsubj |
| 30 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 big | cop |
| 31 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 leave | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 leave | punct |
| 33 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 says | ccomp |
| 34 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 leave | obj |
| 35 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 33 leave | advmod |
| 36 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 33 leave | punct |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lifts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | present | a cobra | the front of front's body | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent front=Theme | ||||
| 2 | spread | present | a cobra not said here | long ribs | front's neck | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rib=Theme in neck=Destination | |||
| 3 | stretch | to-infinitive | a cobra not said here | the skin | into a hood result | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent skin=Patient into hood=Result | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | a warning | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | a warning = warning | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | leave in a quote | infinitive | a warning = warning | alone property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:322-snakes-to-keep-away-from-cobras-mambas-vipers-and-rattlesnakes.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/322-snakes-to-keep-away-from-cobras-mambas-vipers-and-rattlesnakes/9/