Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 8

Cartoon vultures circle over a lost traveller, waiting, but real ones circle to ride warm rising air while they search for animals that are already dead, and without them dead animals rot and spread disease.

Who acts: Cartoon vultures, real ones, Looks, animals, dead animals · What happens: circle, lose, wait, ride, rise, search · To what, where: lost traveller, warm rising air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cartoon vultures, real ones, Looks, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 vultures	compound
2	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 circle	nsubj
3	circle	circle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	7 traveller	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 traveller	det
6	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 traveller	amod
7	traveller	traveller	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 circle	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 waiting	punct
9	waiting	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 circle	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 circle	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 circle	cc
12	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ones	amod
13	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 circle	nsubj
14	circle	circle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 circle	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 ride	mark
16	ride	ride	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 circle	advcl
17	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 air	amod
18	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 air	amod
19	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ride	obj
20	while	while	SCONJ	_	22 search	mark
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 search	nsubj
22	search	search	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 ride	advcl
23	for	for	ADP	_	24 animals	case
24	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 search	obl
25	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 dead	nsubj
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 dead	cop
27	already	already	ADV	_	28 dead	advmod
28	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 animals	acl:relcl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 disease	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 disease	cc
31	without	without	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 rot	obl
33	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 animals	amod
34	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 rot	nsubj
35	rot	rot	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 disease	compound
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 spread	cc
37	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 rot	conj
38	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 circle	conj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 circle	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	circle	present	Cartoon vultures		a lost traveller		vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	lose	participle					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	wait	gerund	Cartoon vultures not said here				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	circle	present	real ones				vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
5	ride	to-infinitive	real ones not said here	warm rising air			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
6	rise	gerund					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	search	present	Looks = look			for animals	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for animal=Theme
8	is	present	animals			dead property	tree rules
9	rot		dead animals			without Looks = look	tree rules
10	spread	present	dead animals not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/8/