Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 5

A feather has a central shaft with barbs, and each barb has tiny barbules with hooks that zip together like Velcro; birds re-zip them by preening.

Who acts: feather, barb, hooks, birds · What happens: have, zip, re-zip, preen · To what, where: central shaft, tiny barbules, barbules

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (feather, barb, hooks, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 feather	det
2	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 shaft	det
5	central	central	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shaft	amod
6	shaft	shaft	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 barbs	case
8	barbs	barb	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 shaft	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 has	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 has	cc
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 barb	det
12	barb	barb	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 has	nsubj
13	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	conj
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 barbules	amod
15	barbules	barbule	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 has	obj
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 hooks	case
17	hooks	hook	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 barbules	nmod
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 zip	nsubj
19	zip	zip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 hooks	acl:relcl
20	together	together	ADV	_	19 zip	advmod
21	like	like	ADP	_	22 Velcro	case
22	Velcro	Velcro	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 zip	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 birds	punct
24	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 re-zip	nsubj
25	re-zip	re-zip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	parataxis
26	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 re-zip	obj
27	by	by	SCONJ	_	28 preening	mark
28	preening	preen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 re-zip	advcl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	a feather	a central shaft	with barbs	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shaft=Patient
2	have	present	each barb	tiny barbules	with hooks	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barbule=Patient
3	zip	present	hooks		like Velcro; together property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	re-zip	present	birds	barbules = barbule		tree rules
5	preen	gerund	birds not said here			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/5/