Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 8
An egg has an air pocket at the wide end, white for water and cushioning, a yolk for food, and thousands of tiny holes in the shell that let air in; before it breaks the shell the chick takes its first breaths from the air pocket.
Who acts: egg, tiny holes, chick · What happens: have, let, break, take · To what, where: air pocket, wide end, air, shell, first breaths
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (egg, tiny holes, chick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 egg | det |
| 2 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 pocket | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pocket | compound |
| 6 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj | ||
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 end | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 end | det |
| 9 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 end | amod |
| 10 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pocket | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 white | punct |
| 12 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 pocket | amod |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 water | case |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 white | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cushioning | cc |
| 16 | cushioning | cushion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 water | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 yolk | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 yolk | det |
| 19 | yolk | yolk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cushioning | obl |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 food | case |
| 21 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 yolk | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 thousands | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 thousands | cc |
| 24 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 pocket | conj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 holes | case |
| 26 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 holes | amod |
| 27 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 thousands | nmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 shell | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 shell | det |
| 30 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 holes | nmod |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 let | nsubj |
| 32 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 27 holes | acl:relcl |
| 33 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 let | obj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 air | case |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 breaks | punct |
| 36 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 breaks | mark |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 breaks | nsubj |
| 38 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 takes | advcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 shell | det |
| 40 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 breaks | obj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 chick | det |
| 42 | chick | chick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 takes | nsubj |
| 43 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 44 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 breaths | nmod:poss |
| 45 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 46 breaths | amod |
| 46 | breaths | breath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 takes | obj |
| 47 | from | from | ADP | _ | 50 pocket | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 pocket | det |
| 49 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 pocket | compound |
| 50 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 takes | obl | ||
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a egg | a air pocket and thousands of tiny holes in the shell | at the wide end | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pocket=Patient | |||
| 2 | let | infinitive | tiny holes in the shell | air | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 3 | break | present | egg | the shell | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shell=Patient | ||||
| 4 | take | present | the chick | chick's first breaths | the air pocket | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent breath=Theme from pocket=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/8/