The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts, sentence 13

Swallows gather on wires before flying thousands of kilometres to Africa for the winter, because the flying insects they eat disappear in the cold, and they often return to the same barn.

Who acts: Swallows, insects, flying insects · What happens: gather, fly, eat, disappear, return · To what, where: wires, thousands, Africa, flying insects, cold

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallows, insects, flying insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gather	nsubj
2	gather	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 wires	case
4	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gather	obl
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	6 flying	mark
6	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 gather	advcl
7	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 flying	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 kilometres	case
9	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 thousands	nmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 Africa	case
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 flying	obl
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 winter	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 winter	det
14	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flying	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 insects	punct
16	because	because	SCONJ	_	22 disappear	mark
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 insects	det
18	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 insects	amod
19	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 disappear	nsubj
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 eat	nsubj
21	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 insects	acl:relcl
22	disappear	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 gather	advcl
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 cold	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 cold	det
25	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 disappear	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 return	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 return	cc
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 return	nsubj
29	often	often	ADV	_	30 return	advmod
30	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 disappear	conj
31	to	to	ADP	_	34 barn	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 barn	det
33	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 barn	amod
34	barn	barn	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 return	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 gather	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gather	present	Swallows			wires			vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fly	gerund	Swallows not said here	thousands of kilometres	Africa		winter		vn drive-11.5-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme to africa=Destination
3	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	eat	present	insects = insect	the flying insects not said here					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
5	disappear	present	the flying insects			the cold			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	return	present	insects = insect					to the same barn result; often property	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to barn=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/13/