The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts, sentence 16

Hedgehogs use piles of leaves to build winter nests, so a pile left in a corner helps hedgehogs and insects, and bonfire piles must be checked before they are lit.

Who acts: Hedgehogs, pile · What happens: use, build, leave, help, check, lit · To what, where: piles, winter nests, pile, corner, hedgehogs, bonfire piles

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hedgehogs, pile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	piles	pile	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 leaves	case
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 piles	nmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 build	mark
7	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 use	advcl
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 nests	compound
9	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 build	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 helps	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	18 helps	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pile	det
13	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 helps	nsubj
14	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 pile	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 corner	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 corner	det
17	corner	corner	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 left	obl
18	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 use	parataxis
19	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 helps	obj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 insects	cc
21	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 hedgehogs	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 checked	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 checked	cc
24	bonfire	bonfire	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 piles	compound
25	piles	pile	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 checked	nsubj:pass
26	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 checked	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 checked	aux:pass
28	checked	check	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 helps	conj
29	before	before	SCONJ	_	32 lit	mark
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 lit	nsubj
31	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 lit	aux:pass
32	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 checked	advcl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	Hedgehogs	piles of leaves			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pile=Patient
2	build	to-infinitive	Hedgehogs not said here	winter nests			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product
3	leave	participle		a pile not said here		in a corner result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in corner=Result
4	help	present	a pile		hedgehogs and insects		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedgehog=Beneficiary
5	check	must · passive		bonfire piles			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
6	lit	present · passive		Hedgehogs = hedgehog			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/16/