The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 1

A neat straight line of four-toed prints with claw marks means a fox trotted through, putting its back feet into its front prints; a round print with no claw marks means the neighbour's cat; pairs of tiny prints side by side mean a sparrow hopped past.

Who acts: neat straight line, fox, round print, pairs, sparrow · What happens: toe, mean, trot, put, hop, print · To what, where: back feet, front prints, cat, side · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (neat straight line, fox, round print, pairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 line	det
2	neat	neat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 line	amod
3	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 line	amod
4	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 means	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 prints	case
6	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 prints	nummod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 four	punct
8	toed	toe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 prints	amod
9	prints	print	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 line	nmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 marks	case
11	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 marks	compound
12	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 prints	nmod
13	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fox	det
15	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 trotted	nsubj
16	trotted	trot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 means	ccomp
17	through	through	ADV	_	16 trotted	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 putting	punct
19	putting	put	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 trotted	advcl
20	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 feet	nmod:poss
21	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 feet	compound
22	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 putting	obj
23	into	into	ADP	_	26 prints	case
24	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 prints	nmod:poss
25	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 prints	amod
26	prints	print	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 putting	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 marks	punct
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 print	det
29	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 print	amod
30	print	print	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 means	nsubj
31	with	with	ADP	_	34 marks	case
32	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	34 marks	det
33	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 marks	compound
34	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 print	nmod
35	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 means	parataxis
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 neighbour	det
37	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 cat	nmod:poss
38	's	's	PART	_	37 neighbour	case
39	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 means	obj
40	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 side	punct
41	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 mean	nsubj
42	of	of	ADP	_	44 prints	case
43	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 prints	amod
44	prints	print	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 pairs	nmod
45	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 mean	obl:unmarked
46	by	by	ADP	_	47 side	case
47	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 side	nmod
48	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 means	parataxis
49	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	50 sparrow	det
50	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 hopped	nsubj
51	hopped	hop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	48 mean	ccomp
52	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 hopped	xcomp
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	toe	participle					tree rules
2	mean	present	a neat straight line of four toed prints with claw marks				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	trot	past	a fox			through property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	put	gerund	a fox not said here	fox's back feet	fox's front prints		vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent foot=Goal
5	mean	present	a round print with no claw marks	the neighbour's cat			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Topic
6	mean	present	pairs of tiny prints	side by side			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7	hop	past	a sparrow			past property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	print		fox				nom print «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/1/