The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice, sentence 14

A dragonfly has four wings that can each move on their own, so it can hover, fly backwards and turn sharply; dragonfly-like insects have been around for over 300 million years.

Who acts: dragonfly, four wings, like insects · What happens: have, move, hover, fly, turn, be · To what, where: four wings, own

This is a sentence of the lesson «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dragonfly, four wings, like insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dragonfly	det
2	dragonfly	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 move	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 move	aux
8	each	each	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 move	advmod
9	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 wings	acl:relcl
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 own	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 own	nmod:poss
12	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 move	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hover	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	17 hover	advmod
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hover	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 hover	aux
17	hover	hover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 move	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 fly	punct
19	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 hover	conj
20	backwards	backward	ADV	_	19 fly	advmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 turn	cc
22	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 hover	conj
23	sharply	sharply	ADV	_	22 turn	advmod
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct
25	dragonfly	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 like	compound
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	25 dragonfly	punct
27	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 insects	amod
28	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 around	nsubj
29	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 around	aux
30	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	31 around	cop
31	around	around	ADV	_	3 has	parataxis
32	for	for	ADP	_	36 years	case
33	over	over	ADV	_	35 million	advmod
34	300	300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 million	compound
35	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	36 years	nummod
36	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 around	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a dragonfly	four wings				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
2	move	can	four wings		wings's own		each property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on own=Trajectory
3	hover	can	dragonfly					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	fly	infinitive	dragonfly not said here				backward property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	turn	infinitive	dragonfly not said here				sharply property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
6	is	present · perfect	like insects			year	around property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/14/