The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice, sentence 18

In summer ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and cannot fly for a few weeks, drakes turn brown like females to hide, and they grow bright new feathers by autumn.

Who acts: ducks, drakes · What happens: moult, not fly, turn, hide, grow · To what, where: flight feathers, bright new feathers

This is a sentence of the lesson «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ducks, drakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 summer	case
2	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 moult	obl
3	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 moult	nsubj
4	moult	moult	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 turn	parataxis
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 feathers	det:predet
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 feathers	nmod:poss
7	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 feathers	compound
8	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 moult	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	14 fly	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 fly	cc
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 fly	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 fly	advmod
14	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 moult	conj
15	for	for	ADP	_	18 weeks	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 weeks	det
17	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 weeks	amod
18	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 fly	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 moult	punct
20	drakes	drake	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 turn	nsubj
21	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 turn	xcomp
23	like	like	ADP	_	24 females	case
24	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 turn	obl
25	to	to	PART	_	26 hide	mark
26	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 females	acl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 grow	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 grow	cc
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 grow	nsubj
30	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 turn	parataxis
31	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 feathers	amod
32	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 feathers	amod
33	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 grow	obj
34	by	by	ADP	_	35 autumn	case
35	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 grow	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 moult	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	moult	present	ducks	ducks's flight feathers	summer		tree rules
2	not fly	can	ducks not said here		week	once property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	turn	present	drakes			like females; brown property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	hide	to-infinitive	drakes not said here				vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	grow	present	drakes = drake	bright new feathers	autumn		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/18/