Birds of prey and owls, sentence 1
Each one has its own trick: a kestrel hangs over a motorway verge with its head perfectly still, a peregrine drops from a cathedral tower faster than any other animal, and an osprey dives feet first into a lake.
Who acts: one, kestrel, peregrine, osprey, prey · What happens: have, hang, drop, dive, trick · To what, where: own trick, motorway verge, cathedral tower, feet, lake
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, kestrel, peregrine, osprey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 trick | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 trick | amod |
| 6 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 hangs | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 kestrel | det |
| 9 | kestrel | kestrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hangs | nsubj |
| 10 | hangs | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 14 verge | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 verge | det |
| 13 | motorway | motorway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 verge | compound |
| 14 | verge | verge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hangs | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 head | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 head | nmod:poss |
| 17 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hangs | obl |
| 18 | perfectly | perfectly | ADV | _ | 19 still | advmod |
| 19 | still | still | ADV | _ | 23 drops | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 drops | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 peregrine | det |
| 22 | peregrine | peregrine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drops | nsubj |
| 23 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 hangs | conj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 tower | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 tower | det |
| 26 | cathedral | cathedral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 tower | compound |
| 27 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drops | obl |
| 28 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 drops | advmod |
| 29 | than | than | ADP | _ | 32 animal | case |
| 30 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 animal | det |
| 31 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 animal | amod |
| 32 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 faster | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 dives | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 dives | cc |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 osprey | det |
| 36 | osprey | osprey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dives | nsubj |
| 37 | dives | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 drops | conj |
| 38 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 dives | obj |
| 39 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 37 dives | advmod |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 lake | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 lake | det |
| 42 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dives | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | each one | prey's own trick | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient | ||||
| 2 | hang | present | a kestrel | a motorway verge | with prey's head | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over verge=Location | |||
| 3 | drop | present | a peregrine | a cathedral tower | still | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from tower=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | dive | present | a osprey | feet | a lake | first property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme | ||
| 5 | trick | prey | nom trick «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/34-birds-of-prey-and-owls/1/