Birds of prey and owls, sentence 5
Motorway verges are rarely mown, so they are full of voles; a kestrel flaps into the wind at the wind's own speed and keeps its head still to watch for voles, and it can see vole wee trails that shine in ultraviolet.
Who acts: Owls, kestrel, head, vole wee trails · What happens: mown, be, flap, keep, watch, see · To what, where: Motorway verges, wind, head, vole wee trails, ultraviolet
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Owls, kestrel, head, vole wee trails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motorway | motorway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 verges | compound |
| 2 | verges | verge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mown | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 mown | aux:pass |
| 4 | rarely | rarely | ADV | _ | 5 mown | advmod |
| 5 | mown | mown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 full | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 full | advmod |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 full | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 full | cop |
| 10 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 mown | parataxis |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 voles | case |
| 12 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 full | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 flaps | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 kestrel | det |
| 15 | kestrel | kestrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flaps | nsubj |
| 16 | flaps | flap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 mown | advcl |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 wind | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 wind | det |
| 19 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flaps | obl |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 speed | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wind | det |
| 22 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 speed | nmod:poss |
| 23 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 wind | case |
| 24 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 speed | amod |
| 25 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 wind | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 keeps | cc |
| 27 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 flaps | conj |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 head | nmod:poss |
| 29 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 keeps | obj |
| 30 | still | still | ADV | _ | 27 keeps | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 watch | mark |
| 32 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 keeps | advcl |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 voles | case |
| 34 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 watch | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 see | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 see | cc |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 see | nsubj |
| 38 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 see | aux |
| 39 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 mown | conj |
| 40 | vole | vole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 trails | compound |
| 41 | wee | wee | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 trails | amod |
| 42 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 see | obj |
| 43 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 shine | nsubj |
| 44 | shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 trails | acl:relcl |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 ultraviolet | case |
| 46 | ultraviolet | ultraviolet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 shine | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 mown | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mown | present · passive | Motorway verges | rarely property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Owls = owl | of voles; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | flap | present | a kestrel | the wind at the wind's own speed | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into wind=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | keep | present | a kestrel not said here | kestrel's head | still | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 5 | watch | to-infinitive | a kestrel not said here | for voles | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for vole=Theme | ||||
| 6 | see | can | head | vole wee trails | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trail=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | shine | present | vole wee trails | ultraviolet | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ultraviolet=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/34-birds-of-prey-and-owls/5/