Weeds and wildflowers: dandelions, nettles, daisies, clover and plantain, sentence 8
Nettle hairs are tiny brittle needles that break and push chemicals into the skin; the sting fades in a few hours, and rubbing with dock leaves may help a little, but there is little proof.
Who acts: Nettle hairs, tiny brittle needles, sting, little proof · What happens: be, break, push, fade, rub, help · To what, where: tiny brittle needles, chemicals, skin, little
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weeds and wildflowers: dandelions, nettles, daisies, clover and plantain» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nettle hairs, tiny brittle needles, sting, little proof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nettle | nettle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hairs | compound |
| 2 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 needles | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 needles | cop |
| 4 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 needles | amod |
| 5 | brittle | brittle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 needles | amod |
| 6 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 break | nsubj |
| 8 | break | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 needles | acl:relcl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 push | cc |
| 10 | push | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 break | conj |
| 11 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 push | obj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 skin | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 skin | det |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 push | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 fades | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sting | det |
| 17 | sting | sting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 fades | nsubj |
| 18 | fades | fade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 needles | parataxis |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 hours | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 hours | det |
| 21 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 hours | amod |
| 22 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fades | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 rubbing | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 rubbing | cc |
| 25 | rubbing | rub | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 fades | conj |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 leaves | case |
| 27 | dock | dock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 leaves | compound |
| 28 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 rubbing | obl |
| 29 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 help | aux |
| 30 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 fades | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 little | det |
| 32 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 help | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 is | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 is | cc |
| 35 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 36 is | expl |
| 36 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 rubbing | parataxis |
| 37 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 proof | amod |
| 38 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 is | nsubj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 needles | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Nettle hairs | tiny brittle needles | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break | present | tiny brittle needles | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | push | present | tiny brittle needles not said here | chemicals | the skin | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme into skin=Destination | |||
| 4 | fade | present | the sting | hour | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | rub | gerund | the sting not said here | with dock leaves | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with leaf=Theme | ||||
| 6 | help | may | the sting not said here | a little | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Beneficiary | ||||
| 7 | be | present | little proof | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:340-weeds-and-wildflowers-dandelions-nettles-daisies-clover-and-plantain.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/340-weeds-and-wildflowers-dandelions-nettles-daisies-clover-and-plantain/8/