Where meat and fish come from, told honestly, sentence 10
After 1066 English-speaking farmers kept the animals but French-speaking Norman lords ate the meat, so we say cow, pig and sheep but beef, pork and mutton; chicken and fish kept one name.
Who acts: English speaking farmers, speaking Norman lords, we, chicken · What happens: speak, keep, eat, say · To what, where: animals, meat, cow, one name · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where meat and fish come from, told honestly» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English speaking farmers, speaking Norman lords, we, chicken), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 1066 | case |
| 2 | 1066 | 1066 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 kept | obl |
| 3 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 farmers | amod |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 farmers | punct |
| 5 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 farmers | amod |
| 6 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kept | nsubj |
| 7 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 animals | det |
| 9 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kept | obj |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 ate | cc |
| 11 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 speaking | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 French | punct |
| 13 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 lords | amod |
| 14 | Norman | Norman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 lords | compound |
| 15 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ate | nsubj |
| 16 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 kept | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 meat | det |
| 18 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ate | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 say | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 say | advmod |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 say | nsubj |
| 22 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 kept | conj |
| 23 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 say | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 pig | punct |
| 25 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cow | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 sheep | cc |
| 27 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 pig | conj |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 beef | cc |
| 29 | beef | beef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cow | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 pork | punct |
| 31 | pork | pork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 beef | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 mutton | cc |
| 33 | mutton | mutton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pork | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 chicken | punct |
| 35 | chicken | chicken | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 kept | nsubj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 fish | cc |
| 37 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 chicken | conj |
| 38 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 kept | acl:relcl |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 name | nummod |
| 40 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 kept | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | gerund | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | keep | past | English speaking farmers | the animals | after 1066 | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | |||
| 3 | speak speech: other | gerund | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | eat | past | speaking Norman lords | the meat | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | we | cow and pig and sheep but beef and pork and mutton | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cow=Topic | ||||
| 6 | keep | past | chicken and fish | one name | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/10/