Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world, sentence 18

Potatoes were first farmed in the Andes of South America perhaps 7000 or more years ago, grow well in cold, high places, and were brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1500s.

Who acts: Spanish · What happens: farm, grow, bring · To what, where: Potatoes, Andes, cold high places, Europe, 1500s

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 farmed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 farmed	aux:pass
3	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 farmed	advmod
4	farmed	farm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Andes	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Andes	det
7	Andes	Andes	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 farmed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 America	case
9	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 America	compound
10	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Andes	nmod
11	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	16 ago	advmod
12	7000	7000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 years	nummod
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 more	cc
14	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 7000	conj
15	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ago	obl:unmarked
16	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 farmed	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 grow	punct
18	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 farmed	conj
19	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	18 grow	advmod
20	in	in	ADP	_	24 places	case
21	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 places	amod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 cold	punct
23	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 places	amod
24	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 grow	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 brought	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 brought	cc
27	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 brought	aux:pass
28	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 farmed	conj
29	to	to	ADP	_	30 Europe	case
30	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 brought	obl
31	by	by	ADP	_	33 Spanish	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 Spanish	det
33	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 brought	obl:agent
34	in	in	ADP	_	36 1500s	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 1500s	det
36	1500s	1500	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	28 brought	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 farmed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	farm	past · passive		Potatoes		the Andes of South America	ago, first property	vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	grow	present				cold high places	well property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location
3	bring	past · passive	the Spanish		Europe	the 1500s		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to europe=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/18/