Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world, sentence 9
Rice can grow in flooded fields because air passes down spongy tubes in its stems to the roots, and flooding drowns many weeds; some farmers keep ducks or fish in the paddy to eat pests and weeds.
Who acts: Rice, air, flooding, farmers · What happens: grow, flood, pass down, drown, keep, eat · To what, where: flooded fields, spongy tubes, roots, many weeds, ducks, paddy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rice, air, flooding, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 grow | aux |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 fields | case |
| 5 | flooded | flood | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 fields | amod |
| 6 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | obl |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 passes | mark |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 passes | nsubj |
| 9 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grow | advcl |
| 10 | down | down | ADV | _ | 9 passes | advmod |
| 11 | spongy | spongy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tubes | amod |
| 12 | tubes | tube | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 passes | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 stems | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 stems | nmod:poss |
| 15 | stems | stem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 tubes | nmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 roots | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 roots | det |
| 18 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 passes | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 drowns | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 drowns | cc |
| 21 | flooding | flooding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 drowns | nsubj |
| 22 | drowns | drown | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 passes | conj |
| 23 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 weeds | amod |
| 24 | weeds | weed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 drowns | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 farmers | det |
| 27 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 keep | nsubj |
| 28 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 drowns | conj |
| 29 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 keep | obj |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 fish | cc |
| 31 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 ducks | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 paddy | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 paddy | det |
| 34 | paddy | paddy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 keep | obl |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 eat | mark |
| 36 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 keep | advcl |
| 37 | pests | pest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 eat | obj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 weeds | cc |
| 39 | weeds | weed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 pests | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | can | Rice | flooded fields | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location | ||||
| 2 | flood | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | pass down | present | air | spongy tubes in air's stems | the roots | down property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to root=Initial_Location | ||
| 4 | drown | present | flooding | many weeds | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weed=Patient | ||||
| 5 | keep | present | some farmers | ducks or fish | the paddy | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent duck=Theme in paddy=Location | |||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | some farmers not said here | pests and weeds | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Patient | ||||
| 7 | stem | air | nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/9/