Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the plants behind treats, sentence 22

Caffeine is a bitter defence that helps protect plants from insects; it keeps people awake and hits children harder because their bodies are smaller, and many British shops will not sell energy drinks to under-16s.

Who acts: Caffeine, bitter defence, plant, bodies, many British shops · What happens: be, help, protect, keep, hit, not sell · To what, where: bitter defence, plants, people, children, energy drinks, 16s

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the plants behind treats» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Caffeine, bitter defence, plant, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Caffeine	caffeine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 defence	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 defence	det
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 defence	amod
5	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 helps	nsubj
7	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 defence	acl:relcl
8	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 helps	xcomp
9	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 protect	obj
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 insects	case
11	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 protect	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 keeps	punct
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 keeps	nsubj
14	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 helps	conj
15	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 keeps	obj
16	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 keeps	xcomp
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 hits	cc
18	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 keeps	conj
19	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hits	obj
20	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 hits	advmod
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 smaller	mark
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 bodies	nmod:poss
23	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 smaller	nsubj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 smaller	cop
25	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 helps	advcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 sell	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 sell	cc
28	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 shops	amod
29	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 shops	amod
30	shops	shop	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 sell	nsubj
31	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 sell	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 sell	advmod
33	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 smaller	conj
34	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 drinks	compound
35	drinks	drink	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 sell	obj
36	to	to	ADP	_	39 16s	case
37	under	under	ADP	_	39 16s	case
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	37 under	punct
39	16s	16	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	33 sell	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 defence	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Caffeine	a bitter defence			tree rules
2	help	present	a bitter defence				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	protect	infinitive	a bitter defence not said here	plants		from insects	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary from insect=Theme
4	keep	present	plant	people		awake property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
5	hit	present	plant not said here	children		hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme child=Co-Theme
6	is	present	caffeine's bodies			small property	tree rules
7	not sell	future	many British shops	energy drinks	16s		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drink=Theme to 16=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats.lesson:22.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats/22/