A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter feeding, sentence 12

Haymaking is cutting grass, drying it in the sun, turning it and baling it for winter; wet hay goes mouldy, and damp hay packed in a barn can get hot and even catch fire.

Who acts: Haymaking, wet hay, damp hay · What happens: cut, dry, turn, bale, go, pack · To what, where: grass, sun, damp hay, barn, fire

This is a sentence of the lesson «A year on a farm: lambing, haymaking, harvest and winter feeding» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haymaking, wet hay, damp hay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Haymaking	haymaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cutting	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cutting	aux
3	cutting	cut	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cutting	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 drying	punct
6	drying	dry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 cutting	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 drying	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 sun	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sun	det
10	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 drying	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 turning	punct
12	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 cutting	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 turning	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 baling	cc
15	baling	bale	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 turning	conj
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 baling	obj
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 winter	case
18	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 baling	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 goes	punct
20	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 hay	amod
21	hay	hay	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 goes	nsubj
22	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cutting	parataxis
23	mouldy	mouldy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 goes	xcomp
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 get	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 get	cc
26	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 hay	amod
27	hay	hay	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 get	nsubj
28	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 hay	acl
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 barn	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 barn	det
31	barn	barn	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 packed	obl
32	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 get	aux
33	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cutting	advcl
34	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 get	xcomp
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 catch	cc
36	even	even	ADV	_	37 catch	advmod
37	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cutting	conj
38	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 catch	obj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cutting	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	present · progressive	Haymaking	grass				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset grass=Product
2	dry	gerund	Haymaking not said here	grass	the sun			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result
3	turn	gerund	Haymaking not said here	grass				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	bale	gerund	Haymaking not said here	grass		winter		tree rules
5	go	present	wet hay				mouldy property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	pack	participle		damp hay not said here	a barn			vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in barn=Destination
7	get	can	damp hay				hot property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
8	catch	infinitive	Haymaking not said here	fire				vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:349-a-year-on-a-farm-lambing-haymaking-harvest-and-winter-feeding.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/349-a-year-on-a-farm-lambing-haymaking-harvest-and-winter-feeding/12/