Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 15

A cuckoo lays its egg in another bird's nest; the cuckoo chick pushes out the other eggs and the foster parents feed it even when it is far bigger than them; young cuckoos later fly to Africa alone, with no parents to show them the way.

Who acts: cuckoo, cuckoo chick, foster parents, young cuckoos · What happens: lay, push out, feed, be, fly, show · To what, where: egg, nest, other eggs, Africa, way, chicks

This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuckoo, cuckoo chick, foster parents, young cuckoos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cuckoo	det
2	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	nsubj
3	lays	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 egg	nmod:poss
5	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	10 nest	case
7	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	8 bird	det
8	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 nest	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 bird	case
10	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lays	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 pushes	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 chick	det
13	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 chick	compound
14	chick	chick	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 pushes	nsubj
15	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lays	conj
16	out	out	ADP	_	15 pushes	compound:prt
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 eggs	det
18	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 eggs	amod
19	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 pushes	obj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 feed	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 parents	det
22	foster	foster	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 parents	amod
23	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 feed	nsubj
24	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 pushes	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 feed	obj
26	even	even	ADV	_	31 bigger	advmod
27	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	31 bigger	advmod
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 bigger	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 bigger	cop
30	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	31 bigger	advmod
31	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 feed	advcl
32	than	than	ADP	_	33 them	case
33	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 bigger	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 fly	punct
35	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 cuckoos	amod
36	cuckoos	cuckoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 fly	nsubj
37	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	38 fly	advmod
38	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lays	parataxis
39	to	to	ADP	_	40 Africa	case
40	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 fly	obl
41	alone	alone	ADV	_	38 fly	advmod
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 parents	punct
43	with	with	ADP	_	45 parents	case
44	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	45 parents	det
45	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 fly	obl
46	to	to	PART	_	47 show	mark
47	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	38 fly	advcl
48	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	47 show	iobj
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 way	det
50	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 show	obj
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lays	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	lay	present	a cuckoo	cuckoo's egg		another bird's nest		vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in nest=Destination
2	push out	present	the cuckoo chick	the other eggs				vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme
3	feed	present	the foster parents	egg				vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	is	present	cuckoo				than chicks = chick; big, far property	tree rules
5	fly	present	young cuckoos		Africa		with no parents; alone, late property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result
6	show	to-infinitive	young cuckoos not said here	the way	chicks = chick			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient way=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/15/