Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 5
Emperor penguin fathers hold the egg on their feet under a fold of belly skin for about two months without eating, near minus 40 degrees, huddling in thousands and taking turns in the warm middle.
Who acts: penguin fathers · What happens: hold, eat, huddle, take · To what, where: egg, feet, 40 degrees, thousands, turns, warm middle
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (penguin fathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 penguin | compound |
| 2 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fathers | compound |
| 3 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hold | nsubj |
| 4 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 egg | det |
| 6 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hold | obj |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 feet | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 feet | nmod:poss |
| 9 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hold | obl |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 12 fold | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 fold | det |
| 12 | fold | fold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hold | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 skin | case |
| 14 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 skin | compound |
| 15 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fold | nmod |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 months | case |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 two | advmod |
| 18 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 months | nummod |
| 19 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hold | obl |
| 20 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 21 eating | mark |
| 21 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 hold | advcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 degrees | punct |
| 23 | near | near | ADP | _ | 26 degrees | case |
| 24 | minus | minus | ADV | _ | 25 40 | advmod |
| 25 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 degrees | nummod |
| 26 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 eating | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 huddling | punct |
| 28 | huddling | huddle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 hold | advcl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 thousands | case |
| 30 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 huddling | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 taking | cc |
| 32 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 huddling | conj |
| 33 | turns | turn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 taking | obj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 middle | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 middle | det |
| 36 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 middle | amod |
| 37 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 taking | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | penguin fathers | the egg | fathers's feet | month | under a fold of belly skin | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on foot=Location | |
| 2 | eat | gerund | penguin fathers not said here | 40 degrees | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | huddle | gerund | penguin fathers not said here | thousands | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in thousand=Location | ||||
| 4 | take | gerund | penguin fathers not said here | turns | the warm middle | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in middle=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/5/