Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn, sentence 16

Skin makes vitamin D in sunlight, which helps bones use calcium; in Britain the winter sun is too weak for this, so many people take vitamin D in autumn and winter.

Who acts: Skin, sunlight, bones, winter sun, many people · What happens: make, help, use, be, take · To what, where: vitamin D, sunlight, calcium, Britain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skin, sunlight, bones, winter sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 D	compound
4	D	D	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 sunlight	case
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 helps	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 helps	nsubj
9	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sunlight	acl:relcl
10	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 use	nsubj
11	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 helps	xcomp
12	calcium	calcium	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 use	obj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 weak	punct
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Britain	case
15	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 weak	obl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sun	det
17	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 sun	compound
18	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 weak	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 weak	cop
20	too	too	ADV	_	21 weak	advmod
21	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	parataxis
22	for	for	ADP	_	23 this	case
23	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 weak	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 take	punct
25	so	so	ADV	_	26 many	advmod
26	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 people	amod
27	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 take	nsubj
28	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	conj
29	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 D	compound
30	D	D	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 take	obj
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 autumn	case
32	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 take	obl
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 winter	cc
34	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 autumn	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Skin	vitamin D	sunlight			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset d=Product
2	help	present	sunlight					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	use	infinitive	bones	calcium				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calcium=Patient
4	is	present	the winter sun		Britain		for this; weak property	tree rules
5	take	present	many people	vitamin D		autumn		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent d=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/16/