Hair: growing, curly and straight, eyebrows, eyelashes and going grey, sentence 12

Hair colour comes from two kinds of melanin, a brown-black one and a red-yellow one, mixed in different amounts; natural red hair is the rarest, about one or two people in a hundred worldwide; strong summer sun breaks down some of the melanin in hair already grown, so hair often looks lighter in summer.

Who acts: Hair colour, natural red hair, strong summer sun, hair · What happens: come, mix, be, break down, grow, look · To what, where: two kinds, yellow one, different amounts, some, melanin

This is a sentence of the lesson «Hair: growing, curly and straight, eyebrows, eyelashes and going grey» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hair colour, natural red hair, strong summer sun, hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hair	Hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 colour	compound
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 comes	nsubj
3	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 kinds	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 kinds	nummod
6	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 comes	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 melanin	case
8	melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kinds	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 one	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 one	det
11	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 black	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 brown	punct
13	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 one	amod
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melanin	appos
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 one	cc
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 one	det
17	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 yellow	amod
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 red	punct
19	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 one	amod
20	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 one	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 mixed	punct
22	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 one	acl
23	in	in	ADP	_	25 amounts	case
24	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 amounts	amod
25	amounts	amount	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 mixed	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct
27	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 hair	amod
28	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 hair	amod
29	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 rarest	nsubj
30	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 rarest	cop
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 rarest	det
32	rarest	rare	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 comes	parataxis
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 people	punct
34	about	about	ADV	_	35 one	advmod
35	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	38 people	nummod
36	or	or	CCONJ	_	37 two	cc
37	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 one	conj
38	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 rarest	conj
39	in	in	ADP	_	41 hundred	case
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 hundred	det
41	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	38 people	nmod
42	worldwide	worldwide	ADV	_	41 hundred	advmod
43	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct
44	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 sun	amod
45	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 sun	compound
46	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 breaks	nsubj
47	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 comes	parataxis
48	down	down	ADP	_	47 breaks	compound:prt
49	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	47 breaks	obj
50	of	of	ADP	_	52 melanin	case
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 melanin	det
52	melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 some	nmod
53	in	in	ADP	_	54 hair	case
54	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 melanin	nmod
55	already	already	ADV	_	56 grown	advmod
56	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	52 melanin	acl:relcl
57	,	,	PUNCT	_	61 looks	punct
58	so	so	ADV	_	61 looks	advmod
59	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	61 looks	nsubj
60	often	often	ADV	_	61 looks	advmod
61	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 breaks	parataxis
62	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	61 looks	xcomp
63	in	in	ADP	_	64 summer	case
64	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	61 looks	obl
65	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Hair colour		two kinds of melanin			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from kind=Initial_Location
2	mix	participle		a yellow one not said here	different amounts			vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	is	present	natural red hair				rare property	tree rules
4	break down	present	strong summer sun	some				vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient
5	grow	participle		the melanin in hair not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	look	present	hair			summer	light, often property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:355-hair-growing-curly-and-straight-eyebrows-eyelashes-and-going-grey.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/355-hair-growing-curly-and-straight-eyebrows-eyelashes-and-going-grey/12/