Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps, sentence 10
Many ants can lift 10 to 50 times their own weight, because small animals are strong for their size; an ant blown up to the size of a person could hardly hold up its own weight.
Who acts: Many ants, small animals, ant · What happens: lift, be, blow up, hold up · To what, where: own weight, ant, size
This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many ants, small animals, ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 ants | amod |
| 2 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lift | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 lift | aux |
| 4 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 times | nummod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 50 | case |
| 7 | 50 | 50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 10 | nmod |
| 8 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lift | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 weight | nmod:poss |
| 10 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 weight | amod |
| 11 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lift | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 strong | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 17 strong | mark |
| 14 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 animals | amod |
| 15 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 strong | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 strong | cop |
| 17 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lift | advcl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 size | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 size | nmod:poss |
| 20 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 strong | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 ant | punct |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 ant | det |
| 23 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hold | nsubj |
| 24 | blown | blow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 ant | acl |
| 25 | up | up | ADP | _ | 24 blown | compound:prt |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 size | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 size | det |
| 28 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 blown | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 person | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 person | det |
| 31 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 size | nmod |
| 32 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 hold | aux |
| 33 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 34 hold | advmod |
| 34 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 lift | parataxis |
| 35 | up | up | ADP | _ | 34 hold | compound:prt |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 weight | nmod:poss |
| 37 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 weight | amod |
| 38 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 hold | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lift | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | can | Many ants | Ants's own weight | time | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | small animals | for Ants's size; strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | blow up | participle | a ant not said here | the size of a person | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to size=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | hold up | could | a ant | person's own weight | hardly property | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot weight=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/10/