Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps, sentence 17

Bumblebees warm up by shivering their flight muscles, so they can fly on cold spring mornings when honeybees cannot.

Who acts: Bumblebees · What happens: warm up, shiver, fly · To what, where: flight muscles

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bumblebees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 warm	nsubj
2	warm	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 warm	compound:prt
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 shivering	mark
5	shivering	shiver	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 warm	advcl
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 muscles	nmod:poss
7	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 muscles	compound
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shivering	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fly	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 fly	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 fly	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 fly	aux
13	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 warm	parataxis
14	on	on	ADP	_	17 mornings	case
15	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 mornings	amod
16	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 mornings	compound
17	mornings	morning	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fly	obl
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 can	advmod
19	honeybees	honeybee	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 can	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 fly	advcl
21	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 can	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 warm	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	warm up	present	Bumblebees			vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	shiver	gerund	Bumblebees not said here	Bumblebees's flight muscles		tree rules
3	fly	can	Bumblebees = bumblebee		morning	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/17/