Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede, sentence 7

Small animals are strong for their size because muscle strength grows with how thick a muscle is, but weight grows with the whole body; some ants can hold about 50 times their weight or more.

Who acts: Small animals, muscle strength, muscle, weight, ants · What happens: be, grow, hold · To what, where: weight

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small animals, muscle strength, muscle, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 strong	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 strong	cop
4	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 size	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 size	nmod:poss
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strong	obl
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 grows	mark
9	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 strength	compound
10	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 grows	nsubj
11	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 strong	advcl
12	with	with	SCONJ	_	14 thick	mark
13	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	14 thick	advmod
14	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 grows	ccomp
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 muscle	det
16	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 thick	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 thick	cop
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 grows	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 grows	cc
20	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 grows	nsubj
21	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 grows	conj
22	with	with	ADP	_	25 body	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 body	det
24	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 body	amod
25	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 grows	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 hold	punct
27	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	28 ants	det
28	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 hold	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 hold	aux
30	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 grows	conj
31	about	about	ADV	_	32 50	advmod
32	50	50	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	33 times	nummod
33	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 hold	obl:unmarked
34	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 weight	nmod:poss
35	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 hold	obj
36	or	or	CCONJ	_	37 more	cc
37	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	35 weight	conj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 strong	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Small animals			for beetles's size; strong property	tree rules
2	grow	present	muscle strength				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	a muscle			thick property	tree rules
4	grow	present	weight			with the whole body	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	hold	can	some ants	beetles's weight	time		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/7/