Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede, sentence 9
An adult froghopper can leap about 70 centimetres up and may be the best high jumper of all for its size; its young hide in froth they blow from their own sticky liquid, which is not spit.
Who acts: adult froghopper, young, own sticky liquid · What happens: leap, be, hide, blow, not be · To what, where: best high jumper, froth, spit
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adult froghopper, young, own sticky liquid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 froghopper | det |
| 2 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 froghopper | compound |
| 3 | froghopper | froghopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 leap | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 leap | aux |
| 5 | leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 70 | advmod |
| 7 | 70 | 70 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 centimetres | nummod |
| 8 | centimetres | centimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 up | obl |
| 9 | up | up | ADV | _ | 5 leap | advmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 jumper | cc |
| 11 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 jumper | aux |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 jumper | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 jumper | det |
| 14 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 jumper | amod |
| 15 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 jumper | amod |
| 16 | jumper | jumper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 leap | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 all | case |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 jumper | nmod |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 size | case |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 size | nmod:poss |
| 21 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 jumper | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 hide | punct |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 young | nmod:poss |
| 24 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 hide | nsubj |
| 25 | hide | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 leap | parataxis |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 froth | case |
| 27 | froth | froth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 hide | obl |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 blow | nsubj |
| 29 | blow | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 froth | acl:relcl |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 liquid | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 liquid | nmod:poss |
| 32 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 liquid | amod |
| 33 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 liquid | amod |
| 34 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 blow | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 spit | punct |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 spit | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 spit | cop |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 spit | advmod |
| 39 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 liquid | acl:relcl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 leap | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap | can | a adult froghopper | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is a | may | a adult froghopper not said here | the best high jumper | of all; for froghopper's size | tree rules | |||
| 3 | hide | present | froghopper's young | froth | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in froth=Location | ||||
| 4 | blow | present | young | froth not said here | from centimetres's own sticky liquid | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent froth=Patient from liquid=Co-Patient | |||
| 5 | not is a | present | centimetres's own sticky liquid | spit | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/9/