Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish, sentence 4
The shoebill lives in swamps of eastern and central Africa, stands about as tall as a ten-year-old and waits almost without moving before it lunges to grab fish such as lungfish.
Who acts: shoebill · What happens: live, stand, wait, move, lunge, grab · To what, where: swamps, fish
This is a sentence of the lesson «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shoebill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 shoebill | det |
| 2 | shoebill | shoebill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lives | nsubj |
| 3 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 swamps | case |
| 5 | swamps | swamp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lives | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Africa | case |
| 7 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Africa | amod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 central | cc |
| 9 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 eastern | conj |
| 10 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 swamps | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 stands | punct |
| 12 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lives | conj |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 tall | advmod |
| 14 | as | as | ADV | _ | 15 tall | advmod |
| 15 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stands | xcomp |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 old | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 old | det |
| 18 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 year | nummod |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 ten | punct |
| 20 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 old | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 year | punct |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 tall | ccomp |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 waits | cc |
| 24 | waits | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 stands | conj |
| 25 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 27 moving | advmod |
| 26 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 27 moving | mark |
| 27 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 waits | advcl |
| 28 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 30 lunges | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 lunges | nsubj |
| 30 | lunges | lunge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 waits | advcl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 grab | mark |
| 32 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 lunges | advcl |
| 33 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 grab | obj |
| 34 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 36 lungfish | case |
| 35 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 such | fixed |
| 36 | lungfish | lungfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 fish | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | the shoebill | swamps of eastern Africa | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in swamp=Location | ||||
| 2 | stand | present | the shoebill not said here | tall property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | wait | present | the shoebill not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | move | gerund | the shoebill not said here | almost property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | lunge | present | shoebill | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | grab | to-infinitive | shoebill not said here | fish | such lungfish | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/4/