Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards, sentence 10
A few thousand coyotes are thought to live in and around Chicago; they eat mice, rabbits, fruit and rubbish, are mostly out at night, and some wait for gaps in traffic before crossing roads.
Who acts: coyotes, some · What happens: think, live, eat, be, wait, cross · To what, where: few thousand coyotes, Chicago, mice, roads
This is a sentence of the lesson «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (coyotes, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 coyotes | det |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 coyotes | amod |
| 3 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 coyotes | nummod |
| 4 | coyotes | coyote | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 thought | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 thought | aux:pass |
| 6 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 live | mark |
| 8 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 thought | xcomp |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Chicago | case |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 around | cc |
| 11 | around | around | ADP | _ | 9 in | conj |
| 12 | Chicago | Chicago | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 live | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 eat | punct |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 eat | nsubj |
| 15 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 thought | parataxis |
| 16 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 eat | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rabbits | punct |
| 18 | rabbits | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 mice | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 fruit | punct |
| 20 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mice | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 rubbish | cc |
| 22 | rubbish | rubbish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mice | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 out | punct |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 out | cop |
| 25 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 26 out | advmod |
| 26 | out | out | ADV | _ | 15 eat | parataxis |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 night | case |
| 28 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 out | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 wait | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 wait | cc |
| 31 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 wait | nsubj |
| 32 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 eat | conj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 gaps | case |
| 34 | gaps | gap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 wait | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 traffic | case |
| 36 | traffic | traffic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 gaps | nmod |
| 37 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 38 crossing | mark |
| 38 | crossing | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 wait | advcl |
| 39 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 crossing | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | present · passive | a few thousand coyotes | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | live | to-infinitive | Chicago | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in chicago=Location | |||||
| 3 | eat | present | coyotes = coyote | mice and rabbits and fruit and rubbish | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | present | night | mostly, out property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | wait | present | some | for gaps in traffic | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | cross | gerund | some not said here | roads | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards/10/