City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 6
Sparrows dust-bathe to clean their feathers: dust soaks up extra oil and makes life hard for feather mites, and they also bathe in puddles and sunbathe with wings spread.
Who acts: Sparrows, dust · What happens: bathe, clean, soak up, make, sunbathe, spread · To what, where: feathers, extra oil, life, wings
This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sparrows, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sparrows | Sparrows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bathe | nsubj |
| 2 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bathe | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 bathe | punct |
| 4 | bathe | bathe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 clean | mark |
| 6 | clean | clean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 bathe | advcl |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 feathers | nmod:poss |
| 8 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 clean | obj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 soaks | punct |
| 10 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 soaks | nsubj |
| 11 | soaks | soak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bathe | parataxis |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 soaks | compound:prt |
| 13 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 oil | amod |
| 14 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 soaks | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 makes | cc |
| 16 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 soaks | conj |
| 17 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 makes | obj |
| 18 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 makes | xcomp |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 mites | case |
| 20 | feather | feather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 mites | compound |
| 21 | mites | mite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hard | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 bathe | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 bathe | cc |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 bathe | nsubj |
| 25 | also | also | ADV | _ | 26 bathe | advmod |
| 26 | bathe | bathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 soaks | conj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 puddles | case |
| 28 | puddles | puddle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 bathe | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 sunbathe | cc |
| 30 | sunbathe | sunbathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 bathe | conj |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 wings | case |
| 32 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sunbathe | obl |
| 33 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 wings | acl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bathe | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bathe | infinitive | Sparrows | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | clean | to-infinitive | Sparrows not said here | Sparrows's feathers | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | ||||
| 3 | soak up | present | dust | extra oil | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent oil=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | present | dust not said here | life | hard property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product | |||
| 5 | bathe | present | Sparrows | in puddles | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in puddle=Theme | ||||
| 6 | sunbathe | present | Sparrows not said here | with wings | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | spread | participle | wings not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/6/