Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 16
On bear trails people talk or sing so a bear hears them and moves away, pack food tightly and never feed bears; a bear standing on its back legs is usually just looking and smelling.
Who acts: people, bear · What happens: talk, sing, hear, move away, pack, not feed · To what, where: bear trails, people, food, bears, back legs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 trails | case |
| 2 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trails | compound |
| 3 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 talk | obl |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 talk | nsubj |
| 5 | talk | talk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 hears | advcl |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 sing | cc |
| 7 | sing | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 talk | conj |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 hears | advmod |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 bear | det |
| 10 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hears | nsubj |
| 11 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 hears | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 moves | cc |
| 14 | moves | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 hears | conj |
| 15 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 moves | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 pack | punct |
| 17 | pack | pack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 hears | conj |
| 18 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pack | obj |
| 19 | tightly | tightly | ADV | _ | 17 pack | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 feed | cc |
| 21 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 22 feed | advmod |
| 22 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 pack | conj |
| 23 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 feed | obj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 looking | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 bear | det |
| 26 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 looking | nsubj |
| 27 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 bear | acl |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 legs | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 legs | nmod:poss |
| 30 | back | back | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 legs | compound |
| 31 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 standing | obl |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 looking | aux |
| 33 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 35 looking | advmod |
| 34 | just | just | ADV | _ | 35 looking | advmod |
| 35 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 hears | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 smelling | cc |
| 37 | smelling | smell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 looking | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 talk | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | talk | present | people | bear trails | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | present | people not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hear | present | a bear | people | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | move away | present | a bear not said here | away property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | pack | infinitive | a bear not said here | food | tightly property | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent food=Theme | |||
| 6 | not feed | infinitive | a bear not said here | bears | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | stand | gerund | a bear not said here | food's back legs | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location | ||||
| 8 | look | present · progressive | a bear | usually property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | smell | gerund | a bear not said here | vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/16/