Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 8

European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest clearings open; herds live in reserves in Polissia, the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine.

Who acts: European bison, herds · What happens: eat, keep, live · To what, where: grass, forest clearings, reserves

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European bison, herds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bison	amod
2	bison	bison	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 leaves	punct
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grass	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bark	punct
8	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leaves	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 twigs	cc
10	twigs	twig	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 leaves	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 keep	cc
12	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	conj
13	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 clearings	compound
14	clearings	clearing	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 keep	obj
15	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 keep	xcomp
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 live	punct
17	herds	herd	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 live	nsubj
18	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	parataxis
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 reserves	case
20	reserves	reserve	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 live	obl
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 Polissia	case
22	Polissia	Polissia	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 reserves	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 Carpathians	punct
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Carpathians	det
25	Carpathians	carpathian	PROPN	Number=Plur	22 Polissia	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 parts	cc
27	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 parts	amod
28	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 reserves	conj
29	of	of	ADP	_	30 Ukraine	case
30	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 parts	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	eat	present	European bison	grass and leaves and bark and twigs			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
2	keep	present	European bison not said here	forest clearings		open property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clearing=Theme
3	live	present	herds		reserves in Polissia and the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reserve=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/8/