Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and Askania-Nova, sentence 5

Almost all of it was ploughed into fields full of wheat and sunflowers, and its animals had to survive in reserves and on old burial mounds called kurgans.

Who acts: animals, old burial mounds · What happens: plough, have, survive, call · To what, where: all, fields, reserves, kurgans · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and Askania-Nova» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, old burial mounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Almost	almost	ADV	_	2 all	advmod
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 ploughed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 it	case
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 all	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ploughed	aux:pass
6	ploughed	plough	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 fields	case
8	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ploughed	obl
9	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fields	amod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 wheat	case
11	wheat	wheat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 full	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 sunflowers	cc
13	sunflowers	sunflower	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 wheat	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 had	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 had	cc
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 animals	nmod:poss
17	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 had	nsubj
18	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ploughed	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 survive	mark
20	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 had	xcomp
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 reserves	case
22	reserves	reserve	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 survive	obl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 mounds	cc
24	on	on	ADP	_	27 mounds	case
25	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 mounds	amod
26	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 mounds	compound
27	mounds	mound	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 reserves	conj
28	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 mounds	acl
29	kurgans	kurgan	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 called	xcomp
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 ploughed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	plough	past · passive		all	fields	vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme into field=Destination
2	have	past	steppe's animals			tree rules
3	survive	to-infinitive	steppe's animals not said here		reserves and old burial mounds	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reserve=Location
4	call	participle	old burial mounds not said here	kurgans		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova/5/