Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies, sentence 16
Sturgeons are ancient fish that have changed little since the age of dinosaurs; the beluga sturgeon can live over 100 years and grow longer than a car, but overfishing for their eggs and meat and dams blocking their rivers have made them rare.
Who acts: Sturgeons, ancient fish, beluga sturgeon, dams · What happens: be, change, live, grow, overfish, block · To what, where: ancient fish, rivers, sturgeons
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sturgeons, ancient fish, beluga sturgeon, dams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sturgeons | sturgeon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 fish | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fish | cop |
| 3 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 fish | amod |
| 4 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 made | parataxis |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 changed | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 changed | aux |
| 7 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 fish | acl:relcl |
| 8 | little | little | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 changed | advmod |
| 9 | since | since | ADP | _ | 11 age | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 age | det |
| 11 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 changed | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 dinosaurs | case |
| 13 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 age | nmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 live | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sturgeon | det |
| 16 | beluga | beluga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sturgeon | compound |
| 17 | sturgeon | sturgeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 live | nsubj |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 live | aux |
| 19 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 changed | parataxis |
| 20 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 years | case |
| 21 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 years | nummod |
| 22 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 live | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 grow | cc |
| 24 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 live | conj |
| 25 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 24 grow | advmod |
| 26 | than | than | ADP | _ | 28 car | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 car | det |
| 28 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 longer | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 overfishing | cc |
| 31 | overfishing | overfish | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 made | nsubj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 eggs | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 eggs | nmod:poss |
| 34 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 overfishing | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 meat | cc |
| 36 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 eggs | conj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 dams | cc |
| 38 | dams | dam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 overfishing | conj |
| 39 | blocking | block | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 dams | acl |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 rivers | nmod:poss |
| 41 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 blocking | obj |
| 42 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 made | aux |
| 43 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 made | obj |
| 45 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 made | xcomp |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fish | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Sturgeons | ancient fish | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | change | present · perfect | ancient fish | since the age of dinosaurs | little property | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | live | can | the beluga sturgeon | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | infinitive | the beluga sturgeon not said here | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | overfish | gerund | for sturgeons's eggs and meat | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | block | gerund | dams not said here | sturgeons's rivers | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer river=Theme | ||||
| 7 | make | present · perfect | sturgeons = sturgeon | rare property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/16/