China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji, Chinese alligators and sturgeon, sentence 14
The baiji had tiny eyes and was almost blind in the muddy river; it found fish by sending clicks and listening for echoes, and ship engine noise may have drowned these out.
Who acts: baiji, engine noise · What happens: have, be, find, send, listen, drown out · To what, where: tiny eyes, muddy river, fish, clicks, these
This is a sentence of the lesson «China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji, Chinese alligators and sturgeon» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (baiji, engine noise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 baiji | det |
| 2 | baiji | baiji | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 eyes | amod |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 blind | cc |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 blind | cop |
| 8 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 9 blind | advmod |
| 9 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 had | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 river | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 river | det |
| 12 | muddy | muddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 river | amod |
| 13 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 blind | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 found | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 found | nsubj |
| 16 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | parataxis |
| 17 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 found | obj |
| 18 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 19 sending | mark |
| 19 | sending | send | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 found | advcl |
| 20 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 sending | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 listening | cc |
| 22 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 sending | conj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 echoes | case |
| 24 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 listening | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 drowned | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 drowned | cc |
| 27 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 engine | compound |
| 28 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 noise | compound |
| 29 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 drowned | nsubj |
| 30 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 drowned | aux |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 drowned | aux |
| 32 | drowned | drown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 had | conj |
| 33 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 32 drowned | obj |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 drowned | compound:prt |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the baiji | tiny eyes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the baiji not said here | the muddy river | almost, blind property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | find | past | baiji | fish | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Topic | ||||
| 4 | send | gerund | baiji not said here | clicks | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Theme | ||||
| 5 | listen | gerund | baiji not said here | for echoes | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme | ||||
| 6 | drown out | may · perfect | engine noise | these | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:379-china-s-great-rivers-the-finless-porpoise-the-lost-baiji-chinese-alligators-and-sturgeon.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/379-china-s-great-rivers-the-finless-porpoise-the-lost-baiji-chinese-alligators-and-sturgeon/14/