China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji, Chinese alligators and sturgeon, sentence 21
Chinese sturgeon live in the sea and swim up the Yangtze to lay eggs, but dams now block their old places; in some recent years no wild breeding was seen, and people breed and release them.
Who acts: Chinese sturgeon, dams, people · What happens: live, swim up, lay, block, see, breed · To what, where: sea, Yangtze, eggs, old places, wild breeding, dams
This is a sentence of the lesson «China's great rivers: the finless porpoise, the lost baiji, Chinese alligators and sturgeon» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese sturgeon, dams, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sturgeon | amod |
| 2 | sturgeon | sturgeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 live | nsubj |
| 3 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 sea | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sea | det |
| 6 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 live | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 swim | cc |
| 8 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | conj |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 8 swim | compound:prt |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Yangtze | det |
| 11 | Yangtze | Yangtze | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 swim | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 lay | mark |
| 13 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 swim | advcl |
| 14 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 lay | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 block | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 block | cc |
| 17 | dams | dam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 block | nsubj |
| 18 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 block | advmod |
| 19 | block | block | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 swim | parataxis |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 places | nmod:poss |
| 21 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 places | amod |
| 22 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 block | obj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 years | punct |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 years | case |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 years | det |
| 26 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 years | amod |
| 27 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 seen | obl |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 breeding | det |
| 29 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 breeding | amod |
| 30 | breeding | breed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 seen | aux:pass |
| 32 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 swim | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 breed | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 breed | cc |
| 35 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 breed | nsubj |
| 36 | breed | breed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 seen | conj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 release | cc |
| 38 | release | release | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 breed | conj |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 release | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Chinese sturgeon | the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location | ||||
| 2 | swim up | present | Chinese sturgeon not said here | the Yangtze | vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location yangtze=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lay | to-infinitive | Chinese sturgeon not said here | eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 4 | block | present | dams | dams's old places | now | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer place=Theme | |||
| 5 | see | past · passive | no wild breeding | year | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | breed | present | people | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | release | present | people not said here | dams = dam | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer they=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:379-china-s-great-rivers-the-finless-porpoise-the-lost-baiji-chinese-alligators-and-sturgeon.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/379-china-s-great-rivers-the-finless-porpoise-the-lost-baiji-chinese-alligators-and-sturgeon/21/