Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 12
Elasmotherium, the Siberian unicorn, was a giant rhino of the grasslands of Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia; only a bump on its skull shows where a big horn sat, and it was reported to live until about 39,000 years ago.
Who acts: Elasmotherium, bump, big horn · What happens: be, show, sit, report, live · To what, where: giant rhino, horn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elasmotherium, bump, big horn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elasmotherium | Elasmotherium | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 rhino | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 unicorn | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 unicorn | det |
| 4 | Siberian | siberian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 unicorn | amod |
| 5 | unicorn | unicorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Elasmotherium | appos |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Elasmotherium | punct |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 rhino | cop |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 rhino | det |
| 9 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 rhino | amod |
| 10 | rhino | rhino | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 grasslands | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 grasslands | det |
| 13 | grasslands | grassland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rhino | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Ukraine | case |
| 15 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 grasslands | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Russia | punct |
| 17 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Ukraine | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 Asia | cc |
| 19 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Asia | flat |
| 20 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Ukraine | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 bump | punct |
| 22 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 bump | advmod |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 bump | det |
| 24 | bump | bump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shows | nsubj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 skull | mark |
| 26 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 skull | nmod:poss |
| 27 | skull | skull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 bump | nmod |
| 28 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 rhino | conj |
| 29 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 sat | advmod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 horn | det |
| 31 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 horn | amod |
| 32 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sat | nsubj |
| 33 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 shows | ccomp |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 reported | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 reported | cc |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 reported | aux:pass |
| 38 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 shows | conj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 live | mark |
| 40 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 reported | xcomp |
| 41 | until | until | ADP | _ | 44 years | case |
| 42 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 39,000 | advmod |
| 43 | 39,000 | 39,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 44 years | nummod |
| 44 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 ago | obl |
| 45 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 40 live | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 rhino | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Elasmotherium | a giant rhino | of the grasslands of Ukraine and Russia and Central Asia | tree rules | |||
| 2 | show | present | a bump bump's skull | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | sit | past | a big horn | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | report | past · passive | horn | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | live | to-infinitive | ago property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/12/