Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 10

Chimps also use chewed-leaf sponges and digging sticks, and some in Senegal were reported to sharpen sticks to hunt small animals in tree holes.

Who acts: Chimps · What happens: use, chew, dig, report, sharpen, hunt · To what, where: chewed leaf sponges, sticks, some, small animals, tree holes

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
2	also	also	ADV	_	3 use	advmod
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 sponges	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 chewed	punct
6	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sponges	compound
7	sponges	sponge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 digging	cc
9	digging	dig	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 use	conj
10	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 digging	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 reported	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 reported	cc
13	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	17 reported	nsubj:pass
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Senegal	case
15	Senegal	Senegal	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 some	nmod
16	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 reported	aux:pass
17	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 use	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 sharpen	mark
19	sharpen	sharpen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 reported	xcomp
20	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 sharpen	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 hunt	mark
22	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 sharpen	advcl
23	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 animals	amod
24	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 hunt	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 holes	case
26	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 holes	compound
27	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 hunt	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	use	present	Chimps	chewed leaf sponges		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sponge=Patient
2	chew	participle				vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	dig	gerund	Chimps not said here	sticks		vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stick=Theme
4	report	past · passive		some		vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
5	sharpen	to-infinitive		sticks		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stick=Patient
6	hunt	to-infinitive		small animals	tree holes	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent animal=Theme in hole=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/10/