Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 2

Young chimps learn tricks like this by watching their mothers for years, the way you learned to tie your laces by watching someone.

Who acts: Young chimps, you · What happens: learn, watch, tie · To what, where: tricks, mothers, way, laces, someone

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young chimps, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 chimps	amod
2	chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learn	nsubj
3	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learn	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 this	case
6	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tricks	nmod
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 watching	mark
8	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 learn	advcl
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 mothers	nmod:poss
10	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 watching	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 years	case
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 watching	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 way	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 way	det
15	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 years	nmod
16	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 learned	nsubj
17	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 way	acl:relcl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 tie	mark
19	tie	tie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 learned	xcomp
20	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 laces	nmod:poss
21	laces	lace	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 tie	obj
22	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 watching	mark
23	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 tie	advcl
24	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	23 watching	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 learn	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	Young chimps	tricks		like this	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Topic
2	watch	gerund	Young chimps not said here	chimps's mothers	year		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Theme
3	learn	past	you	the way not said here			tree rules
4	tie	to-infinitive	you not said here	your laces			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lace=Patient
5	watch	gerund	you not said here	someone			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/2/