Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 6
But scientists must test carefully, because it is easy to see what we hope to see in an animal's answers.
Who acts: scientists, we, animal · What happens: test, be, see, hope, answer · To what, where: answers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, we, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 test | cc |
| 2 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 test | nsubj |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 test | aux |
| 4 | test | test | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 4 test | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 easy | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 easy | mark |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 easy | expl |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 easy | cop |
| 10 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 test | advcl |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 see | mark |
| 12 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 easy | csubj |
| 13 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 see | obj |
| 14 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 hope | nsubj |
| 15 | hope | hope | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 what | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 see | mark |
| 17 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 hope | xcomp |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 answers | case |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 animal | det |
| 20 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 answers | nmod:poss |
| 21 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 20 animal | case |
| 22 | answers | answer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 see | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 test | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | test | must | scientists | carefully property | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | scientists not said here | easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||||
| 4 | hope | present | we | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | see not said to happen | to-infinitive | we not said here | a animal's answers | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | answer | a animal | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/6/