Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 8

Chimps in West Africa crack nuts by putting them on a stone or root anvil and hitting them with a hammer stone; it takes years of practice.

Who acts: Chimps, nuts, it · What happens: crack, put, hit, take · To what, where: nuts, chimps, stone

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimps, nuts, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crack	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 Africa	case
3	West	West	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Africa	compound
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Chimps	nmod
5	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crack	obj
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 putting	mark
8	putting	put	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 nuts	acl
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 putting	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 stone	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 stone	det
12	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 putting	obl
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 anvil	cc
14	root	root	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 anvil	compound
15	anvil	anvil	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stone	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 hitting	cc
17	hitting	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 putting	conj
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hitting	obj
19	with	with	ADP	_	22 stone	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 stone	det
21	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 stone	compound
22	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hitting	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 takes	punct
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 takes	nsubj
25	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 crack	parataxis
26	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 takes	obj
27	of	of	ADP	_	28 practice	case
28	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 years	nmod
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 crack	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crack	present	Chimps in West Africa	nuts				vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nut=Theme
2	put	gerund	nuts not said here	chimps = chimp	a stone or root anvil			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on stone=Destination
3	hit	gerund	nuts not said here	chimps = chimp			with a hammer stone	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with stone=Instrument
4	take	present	it			year		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/8/