Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs, sentence 11
Bees were reported to learn that an empty card means less than one, a bit like zero, though this is still argued.
Who acts: empty card · What happens: report, learn, mean, argue · To what, where: Bees, one, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Surprising brains: tool-using fish, counting bees, laughing rats and clever pigs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (empty card), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bees | bee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 reported | aux:pass |
| 3 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 learn | mark |
| 5 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 reported | xcomp |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 means | mark |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 card | det |
| 8 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 card | amod |
| 9 | card | card | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 means | nsubj |
| 10 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 learn | ccomp |
| 11 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 13 one | advmod |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 11 less | fixed |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 means | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 bit | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 bit | det |
| 16 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 one | appos |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 zero | case |
| 18 | zero | zero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 bit | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 argued | punct |
| 20 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 24 argued | mark |
| 21 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 argued | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 argued | aux:pass |
| 23 | still | still | ADV | _ | 24 argued | advmod |
| 24 | argued | argue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 one | parataxis |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | past · passive | Bees | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | learn | to-infinitive | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | mean | present | a empty card | one | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic | ||||
| 4 | argue speech: disagree | present · passive | this | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/388-surprising-brains-tool-using-fish-counting-bees-laughing-rats-and-clever-pigs/11/