How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 2
Over a hundred years ago a horse called Clever Hans seemed to do sums by tapping his hoof.
Who acts: horse · What happens: call, seem, do, tap · To what, where: horse, sums, hoof · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 4 years | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 3 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 years | nummod |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ago | obl |
| 5 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 11 seemed | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 seemed | nsubj |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 horse | acl |
| 9 | Clever | Clever | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Hans | compound |
| 10 | Hans | Hans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 called | xcomp |
| 11 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 do | mark |
| 13 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 seemed | xcomp |
| 14 | sums | sum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 do | obj |
| 15 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 16 tapping | mark |
| 16 | tapping | tap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 do | advcl |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 hoof | nmod:poss |
| 18 | hoof | hoof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tapping | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 seemed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed hedge=0
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | a horse not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | seem | past | a horse | ago property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | do | to-infinitive | a horse not said here | sums | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | tap | gerund | a horse not said here | horse's hoof | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent hoof=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/2/