Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, sentence 0

Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are molluscs, cousins of snails, whose shells have shrunk inside or vanished, which turned them into soft, clever, shape-changing hunters.

Who acts: Octopuses, shells · What happens: be, shrink, vanish, turn, change · To what, where: molluscs, shells, soft clever changing hunters

This is a sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Octopuses, shells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 molluscs	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 squid	punct
3	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Octopuses	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 cuttlefish	cc
5	cuttlefish	cuttlefish	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Octopuses	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 molluscs	cop
7	molluscs	mollusc	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cousins	punct
9	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 molluscs	appos
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 snails	case
11	snails	snail	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 cousins	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 shells	punct
13	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	14 shells	nmod:poss
14	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 shrunk	nsubj
15	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 shrunk	aux
16	shrunk	shrink	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 snails	acl:relcl
17	inside	inside	ADV	_	16 shrunk	advmod
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 vanished	cc
19	vanished	vanish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 shrunk	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 turned	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 turned	nsubj
22	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 vanished	conj
23	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 turned	obj
24	into	into	ADP	_	32 hunters	case
25	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 hunters	amod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 clever	punct
27	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 hunters	amod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 shape	punct
29	shape	shape	ADJ	_	31 changing	compound
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	31 changing	punct
31	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	32 hunters	amod
32	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 turned	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 molluscs	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Octopuses and squid and cuttlefish	molluscs			tree rules
2	shrink	present · perfect	shells			inside property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	vanish	participle	shells not said here				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	turn	past		shells = shell	soft clever changing hunters		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into hunter=Trajectory
5	change	gerund					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/0/