How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, drones and years of waiting, sentence 12
Drones are small flying cameras that film animals from above without a helicopter; they are quieter but must be flown carefully so animals, especially nesting birds, are not scared.
Who acts: Drones, small flying cameras, animals · What happens: fly, be, film, nest, not be · To what, where: small flying cameras, animals
This is a sentence of the lesson «How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, drones and years of waiting» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Drones, small flying cameras, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Drones | drone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 cameras | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cameras | cop |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 cameras | amod |
| 4 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 cameras | amod |
| 5 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 film | nsubj |
| 7 | film | film | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cameras | acl:relcl |
| 8 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 film | obj |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 above | case |
| 10 | above | above | ADV | _ | 8 animals | nmod |
| 11 | without | without | ADP | _ | 13 helicopter | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 helicopter | det |
| 13 | helicopter | helicopter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 film | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 quieter | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 quieter | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 quieter | cop |
| 17 | quieter | quiet | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 cameras | parataxis |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 flown | cc |
| 19 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 flown | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 flown | aux:pass |
| 21 | flown | fly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 quieter | conj |
| 22 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 21 flown | advmod |
| 23 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 32 scared | mark |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 scared | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 birds | punct |
| 26 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 28 birds | advmod |
| 27 | nesting | nest | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 birds | amod |
| 28 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 animals | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 scared | punct |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 scared | cop |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 scared | advmod |
| 32 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 flown | advcl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cameras | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | Drones | small flying cameras | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | film | present | small flying cameras | animals | without a helicopter | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | drones = drone | quiet property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fly | must · passive | drones = drone not said here | carefully property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 6 | nest | gerund | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | not is | present | animals nesting birds | scared property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:394-how-nature-documentaries-are-made-hides-camera-traps-drones-and-years-of-waiting.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/394-how-nature-documentaries-are-made-hides-camera-traps-drones-and-years-of-waiting/12/