How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, drones and years of waiting, sentence 4
Special cameras show what our eyes cannot: high-speed cameras slow a hummingbird's wings, time-lapse speeds up a flower opening, and heat cameras see warm animals glowing in the dark.
Who acts: Special cameras, speed cameras, time lapse, heat cameras · What happens: show, slow, speed up, see, glow · To what, where: wings, flower opening, warm animals, dark
This is a sentence of the lesson «How nature documentaries are made: hides, camera traps, drones and years of waiting» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Special cameras, speed cameras, time lapse, heat cameras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 cameras | amod |
| 2 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 show | nsubj |
| 3 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 show | obj |
| 5 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 6 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 can | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 what | acl:relcl |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 can | advmod |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 show | punct |
| 10 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 speed | amod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 high | punct |
| 12 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cameras | compound |
| 13 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 slow | nsubj |
| 14 | slow | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 show | parataxis |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 hummingbird | det |
| 16 | hummingbird | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 wings | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 hummingbird | case |
| 18 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 slow | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 speeds | punct |
| 20 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lapse | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 time | punct |
| 22 | lapse | lapse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 speeds | nsubj |
| 23 | speeds | speed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 slow | conj |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 speeds | compound:prt |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 opening | det |
| 26 | flower | flower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 opening | compound |
| 27 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 speeds | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 see | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 see | cc |
| 30 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cameras | compound |
| 31 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 see | nsubj |
| 32 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 slow | conj |
| 33 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 animals | amod |
| 34 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 see | obj |
| 35 | glowing | glow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 see | advcl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 dark | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 dark | det |
| 38 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 glowing | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 show | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | Special cameras | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient | |||||
| 2 | slow | present | speed cameras | a hummingbird's wings | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | ||||
| 3 | speed up | present | time lapse | a flower opening | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Agent | ||||
| 4 | see | present | heat cameras | warm animals | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | glow | gerund | heat cameras not said here | the dark | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:394-how-nature-documentaries-are-made-hides-camera-traps-drones-and-years-of-waiting.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/394-how-nature-documentaries-are-made-hides-camera-traps-drones-and-years-of-waiting/4/