Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dung beetles and the smelliest animals, sentence 18

Many animals use smelly sprays or oils to scare enemies, like the skunk and its African cousin the zorilla, and hoopoe chicks squirt smelly poo and a nasty oil at intruders, so predators remember never to try again.

Who acts: Many animals, hoopoe chicks, predators · What happens: use, scare, squirt, not remember, not try · To what, where: smelly sprays, enemies, smelly poo, intruders

This is a sentence of the lesson «Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dung beetles and the smelliest animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many animals, hoopoe chicks, predators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sprays	amod
5	sprays	spray	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 oils	cc
7	oils	oil	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sprays	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 scare	mark
9	scare	scare	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 use	advcl
10	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 scare	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 skunk	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 skunk	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 skunk	det
14	skunk	skunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 enemies	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 cousin	cc
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 cousin	nmod:poss
17	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 cousin	amod
18	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 skunk	conj
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 zorilla	det
20	zorilla	zorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 cousin	appos
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 squirt	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 squirt	cc
23	hoopoe	hoopoe	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 chicks	compound
24	chicks	chicks	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 squirt	nsubj
25	squirt	squirt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 use	conj
26	smelly	smelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 poo	amod
27	poo	poo	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 squirt	obj
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 oil	cc
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 oil	det
30	nasty	nasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 oil	amod
31	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 poo	conj
32	at	at	ADP	_	33 intruders	case
33	intruders	intruder	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 squirt	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 remember	punct
35	so	so	ADV	_	37 remember	advmod
36	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 remember	nsubj
37	remember	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 use	parataxis
38	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	37 remember	advmod
39	to	to	PART	_	40 try	mark
40	try	try	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 remember	xcomp
41	again	again	ADV	_	40 try	advmod
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	Many animals	smelly sprays or oils				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spray=Patient
2	scare	to-infinitive	Many animals not said here	enemies			like the skunk and bamboo's African cousin	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer
3	squirt	present	hoopoe chicks	smelly poo and a nasty oil	intruders			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: agent=Agent poo=Theme at intruder=Destination
4	not remember	present	predators					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	not try	to-infinitive	predators not said here			again		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/18/