Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches, sentence 7
Only female mosquitoes bite, because they need blood to make their eggs; their spit keeps the blood runny so it does not clot, and our body reacts to the spit with an itchy bump, which scratching makes itch even more.
Who acts: female mosquitoes, wash, spit, body · What happens: bite, need, make, keep, not clot, react · To what, where: blood, eggs, itch
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (female mosquitoes, wash, spit, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 mosquitoes | advmod |
| 2 | female | female | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 mosquitoes | amod |
| 3 | mosquitoes | mosquito | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bite | nsubj |
| 4 | bite | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 need | punct |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 8 need | mark |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 need | nsubj |
| 8 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bite | advcl |
| 9 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 need | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 need | advcl |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 eggs | nmod:poss |
| 13 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 keeps | punct |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 spit | nmod:poss |
| 16 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 keeps | nsubj |
| 17 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 need | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 blood | det |
| 19 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 keeps | obj |
| 20 | runny | runny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 keeps | xcomp |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 clot | advmod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 clot | nsubj |
| 23 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 clot | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 clot | advmod |
| 25 | clot | clot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 keeps | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 reacts | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 reacts | cc |
| 28 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 body | nmod:poss |
| 29 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reacts | nsubj |
| 30 | reacts | react | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 clot | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 spit | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 spit | det |
| 33 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reacts | obl |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 bump | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 bump | det |
| 36 | itchy | itchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 bump | amod |
| 37 | bump | bump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 spit | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 scratching | punct |
| 39 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 scratching | nsubj |
| 40 | scratching | scratch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 41 makes | nsubj |
| 41 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 bump | acl:relcl |
| 42 | itch | itch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 makes | obj |
| 43 | even | even | ADV | _ | 44 more | advmod |
| 44 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 41 makes | advmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bite | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bite | present | female mosquitoes | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | need | present | wash | blood | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot blood=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | to-infinitive | wash not said here | wash's eggs | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset egg=Product | ||||
| 4 | keep | present | wash's spit | the blood | runny property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme | |||
| 5 | not clot | present · do-support | spit | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | react | present | our body | to the spit with a itchy bump | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to spit=Theme | ||||
| 7 | scratch | gerund | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | make | present | itch | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset itch=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/7/