The real animals of the Wild Wood: the badger, the stoat, the weasel, the ferret, field-mice and hedgehogs in winter, sentence 20
The nightjar, which frightened Toad in the night wood, is a bird that hunts moths at dusk, makes a long churring sound like a little engine and flies to Africa for the winter.
Who acts: nightjar, bird · What happens: frighten, be, hunt, make, churr, fly · To what, where: Toad, night wood, bird, moths, long churring sound, Africa
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the Wild Wood: the badger, the stoat, the weasel, the ferret, field-mice and hedgehogs in winter» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nightjar, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 nightjar | det |
| 2 | nightjar | nightjar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bird | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 frightened | punct |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 frightened | nsubj |
| 5 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 nightjar | acl:relcl |
| 6 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 frightened | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 wood | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 wood | det |
| 9 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 wood | compound |
| 10 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 frightened | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 nightjar | punct |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 bird | cop |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 bird | det |
| 14 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 hunts | nsubj |
| 16 | hunts | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 bird | acl:relcl |
| 17 | moths | moth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hunts | obj |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 dusk | case |
| 19 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hunts | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 makes | punct |
| 21 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 hunts | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 sound | det |
| 23 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 sound | amod |
| 24 | churring | churr | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 sound | compound |
| 25 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 makes | obj |
| 26 | like | like | ADP | _ | 29 engine | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 engine | det |
| 28 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 engine | amod |
| 29 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sound | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 flies | cc |
| 31 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 makes | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 Africa | case |
| 33 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 flies | obl |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 winter | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 winter | det |
| 36 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flies | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 bird | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | frighten | past | the nightjar | Toad | the night wood | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus toad=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | is a | present | the nightjar | a bird | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hunt | present | a bird | moths | dusk | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme | |||
| 4 | make | present | a bird not said here | a long churring sound | like a little engine | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product | |||
| 5 | churr | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | fly | present | a bird not said here | Africa | winter | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:405-the-real-animals-of-the-wild-wood-badger-stoat-weasel-ferret-field-mice-and-winter-hedgehogs.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/405-the-real-animals-of-the-wild-wood-badger-stoat-weasel-ferret-field-mice-and-winter-hedgehogs/20/