The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?, sentence 18
Capybaras can sprint at about 35 km/h; in some Argentine towns they now graze on lawns and golf courses, where there is grass, water and no predators, so their numbers grow fast and they can eat gardens bare.
Who acts: Capybaras, towns, grass, numbers · What happens: sprint, graze, be, grow, eat · To what, where: 35 km/h, Argentine towns, gardens
This is a sentence of the lesson «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Capybaras, towns, grass, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Capybaras | capybara | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 sprint | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 sprint | aux |
| 3 | sprint | sprint | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 km/h | case |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 35 | advmod |
| 6 | 35 | 35 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 km/h | nummod |
| 7 | km/h | km/h | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sprint | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 graze | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 towns | case |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 towns | det |
| 11 | Argentine | Argentine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 towns | amod |
| 12 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 graze | obl |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 graze | nsubj |
| 14 | now | now | ADV | _ | 15 graze | advmod |
| 15 | graze | graze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sprint | parataxis |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 lawns | case |
| 17 | lawns | lawn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 graze | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 courses | cc |
| 19 | golf | golf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 courses | compound |
| 20 | courses | course | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 lawns | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 is | punct |
| 22 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 24 is | advmod |
| 23 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 24 is | expl |
| 24 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 lawns | acl:relcl |
| 25 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 is | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 water | punct |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 grass | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 predators | cc |
| 29 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 predators | det |
| 30 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 grass | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grow | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 grow | advmod |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 numbers | nmod:poss |
| 34 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 grow | nsubj |
| 35 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sprint | conj |
| 36 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 grow | advmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 eat | cc |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 eat | nsubj |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 eat | aux |
| 40 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 grow | conj |
| 41 | gardens | garden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 eat | obj |
| 42 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 eat | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sprint | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sprint | can | Capybaras | 35 km/h | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at km/h=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | graze | present | towns = town | some Argentine towns | now | on lawns and golf courses | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on lawn=Patient | ||
| 3 | does | present | grass and water and no predators | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | towns's numbers | fast property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | eat | can | numbers = number | gardens | bare property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:042-the-capybara.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/42-the-capybara/18/