The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 1
These egg-laying mammals are called monotremes: the platypus, with a duck-like bill, and four kinds of spiny echidna; they kept an ancient way of having babies that the other mammals lost long ago.
Who acts: Mammals, ancient way · What happens: lay, call, keep, have, lose · To what, where: laying mammals, ancient way, babies, other mammals · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammals, ancient way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 mammals | det |
| 2 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 laying | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 laying | punct |
| 4 | laying | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 mammals | amod |
| 5 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 called | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 called | aux:pass |
| 7 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | monotremes | monotreme | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 called | xcomp |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 platypus | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 platypus | det |
| 11 | platypus | platypus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 monotremes | appos |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bill | punct |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 bill | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 bill | det |
| 15 | duck | duck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 like | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 duck | punct |
| 17 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bill | amod |
| 18 | bill | bill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 platypus | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 kinds | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 kinds | cc |
| 21 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 kinds | nummod |
| 22 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 platypus | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 echidna | case |
| 24 | spiny | spiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 echidna | amod |
| 25 | echidna | echidna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 kinds | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 kept | punct |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 kept | nsubj |
| 28 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 called | parataxis |
| 29 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 way | det |
| 30 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 way | amod |
| 31 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 kept | obj |
| 32 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 33 having | mark |
| 33 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 way | acl |
| 34 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 having | obj |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 lost | obj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 mammals | det |
| 37 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 mammals | amod |
| 38 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 having | advcl |
| 40 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 41 ago | advmod |
| 41 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 39 lost | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 called | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | gerund | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | call speech: assert | present · passive | this laying mammals | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | keep | past | Mammals = mammal | a ancient way | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | gerund | a ancient way not said here | babies | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient | ||||
| 5 | lose | participle · passive | the other mammals | ago property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/1/